Sigma Percentile
JEE Main 2003
LEVELJEE Main

Animated Solution for Mathematics - Probability: Events are mutually exclusive events such that and . The set of possible values of are in the interval.

Select Answer:

Visualized Solution

Fundamental Axioms of Probability

  • For any event , the probability must satisfy: .
  • Since are mutually exclusive, their union probability is: .
  • Constraint for the union: .

Setting up Constraint for

  • Condition 1:
  • Substitute :

Solving Constraint for

  • Multiply by :
  • Subtract :
  • Divide by :

Setting up Constraint for

  • Condition 2:
  • Substitute :

Solving Constraint for

  • Multiply by :
  • Subtract :
  • Multiply by (flip signs):

Setting up Constraint for

  • Condition 3:
  • Substitute :

Solving Constraint for

  • Multiply by :
  • Subtract :
  • Divide by (flip signs):

Union Probability Constraint

  • Condition 4:
  • Substitute values:

Simplifying the Union Constraint

  • Take LCM :
  • Expand numerators:

Solving the Union Constraint

  • Simplify numerator:
  • Rearrange:
  • Final condition:

Finding the Common Intersection

  • We must find the intersection of all four conditions.

Final Answer

  • The overlapping region for all conditions is .
  • Key Takeaway: Always check for each event AND for mutually exclusive events.
  • Final Answer: Option

The Sigma Insight: Addition and Multiplication Theorems

Solution Diagram

Analyzing the Individual Probability Constraints

In the realm of probability, the likelihood of any event must be strictly confined between and . For events and defined by variable , we must ensure each individual probability satisfies this axiom.
For event , where , we set:
Multiplying by gives . Subtracting and dividing by , we find the first boundary:
For event , where , we enforce:
Multiplying by gives . Subtracting results in . Multiplying by flips the inequality signs, yielding the second boundary:
For event , where , we set:
Multiplying by gives . Subtracting yields . Dividing by and flipping the signs, we arrive at the third boundary:

The Collective Constraint

Since events and are mutually exclusive, the probability of their union is the sum of their individual probabilities. This total sum must also satisfy the axiom .
We perform the summation:
Using the least common multiple of , the inequality becomes:
Expanding the numerators, we observe:
Multiplying by gives , which simplifies to . Thus, we obtain the final condition:

Final Intersection of Conditions

To find the valid range for , we must find the intersection of all four established conditions: 1. 2. 3. 4.
By comparing the lower bounds, the maximum is . By comparing the upper bounds, the minimum is .
Therefore, the valid interval for is:

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