Sigma Percentile
JEE Main 2024 (31 Jan Shift 1)
LEVELJEE Main

Animated Solution for Mathematics - Sequence and Series: The sum of the series up to 10 terms is

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Visualized Solution

Identifying the General Term

  • Observe the pattern of the series: in the numerator.
  • The denominator follows the pattern .
  • The general term is given by:
  • We need to find the sum .

Manipulating the Denominator

  • Let's focus on the denominator: .
  • We can rewrite this to complete the square.
  • Split into .
  • This gives: .
  • Recognize the perfect square: .

Factorization using Difference of Squares

  • Apply the algebraic identity .
  • Here, and .
  • .
  • Rearranging the terms, we get the factors: .

Preparing for Partial Fractions

  • Notice the difference between the two factors in the denominator.
  • .
  • This is exactly twice the numerator of our general term .
  • We can multiply and divide by to set up partial fractions.

Partial Fraction Decomposition

  • Express as: .
  • Replace with the difference of the factors.
  • .
  • Splitting the fraction gives: .

Expanding the Series for

  • Substitute into our new expression.
  • For .
  • For .
  • For .

The Telescoping Effect

  • Summing the terms: .
  • .
  • Observe the diagonal cancellation: (from ) cancels with (from ), cancels with , and so on.

Evaluating the Last Term

  • The only terms that survive the cancellation are the first part of and the second part of .
  • First part of .
  • For the last term , the second part is .
  • The sum simplifies to: .

Final Calculation

  • Simplify the expression inside the bracket: .
  • Multiply by the factor : .
  • .
  • Final Answer: .

The Sigma Insight: Sum of Special Series

Analyzing the Setup

The series appears intimidating at first glance. However, mathematics is rarely about brute force; it is about finding the hidden symmetry within the structure.
Let us begin by taming the denominator, . By treating as the primary variable, we can complete the square.
We split the term into . This allows us to rewrite the expression as:
This transformation converts a complex quartic polynomial into a difference of two squares.

The Factorization

Using the algebraic identity , where and , we factor the denominator:
Rearranging these terms for clarity, we obtain:
This step is the heart of the problem, as it reduces a degree-four polynomial into two manageable quadratic factors.

The Partial Fraction Magic

Next, we examine the numerator in relation to our new factors. Observe the difference between the two factors:
Because the difference is exactly twice our numerator, we can rewrite the general term as:
Splitting this expression yields the elegant form:

The Grand Collapse

Now, we observe the series collapse through the telescoping effect. Let us evaluate the first few terms:
For :
For :
For :
The terms cancel sequentially: the from cancels with the from , and the from cancels with the from . Only the first part of and the second part of remain.

Final Calculation

The survivors of this collapse are and . Calculating the final term:
Summing these values, we get:
The final result of the series is .

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