Sigma Percentile
JEE Main 11 Jan 2019 (Evening)
LEVELBoard

Animated Solution for Mathematics - Limits, Continuity and Differentiability: is equal to:

Select Answer:

Visualized Solution

The Given Expression

  • Evaluate the limit:
  • Identify the indeterminate form: As , the expression is of the form .

Logic Bridge:

  • Use the identity:
  • Rewrite the terms:

Rearranging the Terms

  • Substitute the tangent forms back into the limit:
  • Simplify the fraction:

The Standard Limits Tool

  • Recall the standard limits for :

Adjusting for

  • Focus on the term:
  • To use the standard limit, the angle must match the denominator.
  • Multiply and divide by :

Adjusting for and

  • Focus on the remaining part:
  • Divide numerator and denominator by :
  • Multiply and divide the numerator by to match the angle :

Combining All Parts

  • Combine the adjusted parts back into a single limit:

Substituting the Limit Values

  • Apply the limits as :
  • Substitute these values:

Final Simplification

  • Calculate the final result:
  • Final Answer:

The Sigma Insight: Evaluation of Limits & L'Hopital's Rule

Solution Diagram

Analyzing the Setup

The problem asks us to evaluate the limit:
This expression appears intimidating due to the presence of trigonometric functions in the denominator and numerator. However, we can simplify this by converting the cotangent functions into their tangent counterparts.

The Disguise of Cotangent

We utilize the fundamental identity . Substituting this into our expression, we obtain:
By rearranging the terms to bring the denominator of the denominator to the numerator, the expression simplifies to:

The Power of Standard Limits

To solve this, we rely on the standard limit theorems for small angles, specifically:
Our goal is to force the expression into these forms by introducing the necessary factors of in the numerator and denominator.

The Balancing Act

We manipulate the expression to align with the standard limits by multiplying and dividing by the appropriate constants:
To balance the angles, we rewrite the expression as:

Final Calculation

As , the terms , , and all approach . Substituting these values into our balanced equation:
The terms cancel out, leaving us with:
The final value of the limit is .

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