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JEE Main 2023 (13 Apr Shift 1)
LEVELBoard

Animated Solution for Mathematics - Binomial Theorem: Fractional part of the number is equal to

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Visualized Solution

Understanding Fractional Part

  • Goal: Find the fractional part of .
  • Definition: The fractional part of , denoted by , is .
  • Here, is the greatest integer less than or equal to .

Fractional Part of a Rational Number

  • For an integer and divisor , .
  • Here, is the integer quotient and is the remainder.
  • Therefore, .

Setting Up the Remainder Problem

  • We need to find the remainder when is divided by .
  • Let be the remainder of .
  • Our target fractional part will be .

Strategic Base Transformation

  • We look for a power of the base that is close to the divisor .
  • Observe that and .
  • The number is exactly , which is very useful.

Applying Exponent Rules

  • We rewrite the exponent to extract a power of .
  • Using , we get .
  • Substituting , the expression becomes .

Preparing for Binomial Expansion

  • We express the new base in terms of the divisor .
  • Substitute into the expression.
  • The term becomes .

The Binomial Expansion Tool

  • Recall the Binomial Theorem: .
  • Applying this to our term: .

Identifying the Remainder

  • Every term except the very last one contains at least one factor of .
  • We can factor out from these terms, writing their sum as for some integer .
  • The expression simplifies to .

Simplifying the Last Term

  • The last term is .
  • Since and , the last term is simply .
  • Therefore, .

Final Calculation

  • Substitute this back into the original fraction: .
  • Separate the terms: .
  • Since is an integer, the fractional part is exactly .

The Sigma Insight: Binomial Expansion for Positive Integral Index

Analyzing the Setup

Imagine you are staring at the expression . At first glance, it looks like a nightmare.
Four raised to the power of two thousand twenty-two is a number so gargantuan that it would fill entire books if written out in full. How could anyone possibly find its fractional part?
This is where the beauty of mathematics shines. We do not need to calculate the number; we only need to understand its structure.

Demystifying the Fractional Part

Let us start with the definition. The fractional part of a number , denoted by , is simply , where is the greatest integer less than or equal to .
When we have a fraction , we can perform long division to write it as , where is the integer quotient and is the remainder. Since is an integer, the fractional part is simply .
Our mission, therefore, is not to calculate the massive numerator, but to find the remainder when is divided by .

The Power of Proximity

We need a strategy. We are looking for a remainder, and we have a base of and a divisor of .
Is there a power of that is close to ? Let us test: , and .
Eureka! is just . This is the key that unlocks the entire problem. By rewriting our base, we can transform this impossible calculation into a simple algebraic expansion.

The Binomial Magic

We rewrite as , which is . Now, we substitute with .
Our expression becomes . Now, we invoke the Binomial Theorem:
When we expand , every single term contains a factor of , except for the very last term, which is .
We can group all the terms containing and call their sum , where is some integer. Thus:

The Final Victory

Now, we return to our original fraction:
Splitting this, we get:
Since is an integer, the fractional part is simply .
Look at that! We navigated through a sea of exponents and binomial coefficients to find a result as simple as . This is the power of mathematical thinking: turning the impossible into the elegant.

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