Animated Solution for Physics - Electromagnetic Induction: For the given circuit, comment on the type of transformer used.

Transformers are fascinating devices that form the backbone of our modern electrical grid. They allow us to easily step up or step down alternating current (AC) voltages. In this problem, we are presented with a circuit diagram and asked to identify the type of transformer being used.

Let's break down the visual information provided in the circuit diagram. On the left side, we have the primary circuit connected to an AC source. The voltage of this source is clearly labeled as $V_1=220\text{ V}$. On the right side, we have the secondary circuit connected to a load. The diagram tells us that this load consumes a power of $P=60\text{ W}$ and that a current of $I_L=0.11\text{ A}$ is flowing through it.

To determine whether the transformer is stepping the voltage up or down, we need to find the voltage across the secondary coil, which we will call $V_2$. We know the power consumed by the load and the current flowing through it. This is the perfect scenario to use the fundamental electrical power equation:

This equation states that the power consumed by a component is equal to the voltage across it multiplied by the current flowing through it.

Now, let's substitute our known values into the power equation. We plug in $60\text{ W}$ for the power and $0.11\text{ A}$ for the current:

To isolate $V_2$, we simply divide the power by the current:

When we perform this calculation, we find that the secondary voltage is:

We now have both the primary and secondary voltages. Let's compare them:

Primary Voltage ($V_1$) = $220\text{ V}$ Secondary Voltage ($V_2$) = $545.45\text{ V}$

It is clear that $V_2>V_1$. Because the output voltage is significantly higher than the input voltage, the transformer has effectively "stepped up" the voltage. Therefore, we can confidently conclude that this is a Step-up transformer.