Animated Solution for Mathematics - Vector Algebra: Let x0 be the point of local maxima of f(x)=a⋅(b×c), where a=xi^−2j^+3k^,b=−2i^+xj^−k^ and c=7i^−2j^+xk^. Then the value of a⋅b+b⋅c+c⋅a at x=x0 is
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Visualized Solution
TheScalarTripleProduct
Given vectors:
a=xi^−2j^+3k^
b=−2i^+xj^−k^
c=7i^−2j^+xk^
The function is defined as the Scalar Triple Product: f(x)=[abc]
ExpandingtheDeterminant
f(x)=a⋅(b×c)=x−27−2x−23−1x
Expanding along R1:
f(x)=x(x2−2)−(−2)(−2x+7)+3(4−7x)
SimplifyingthePolynomial
f(x)=x3−2x+2(−2x+7)+12−21x
f(x)=x3−2x−4x+14+12−21x
f(x)=x3−27x+26
FindingCriticalPoints
To find critical points, set f′(x)=0
f′(x)=dxd(x3−27x+26)
f′(x)=3x2−27
Solvingf′(x)=0
3x2−27=0
3(x2−9)=0
x2=9⇒x=3,−3
IdentifyingLocalMaxima
Use the second derivative test:
f′′(x)=dxd(3x2−27)=6x
At x=3,f′′(3)=18>0 (Local Minima)
At x=−3,f′′(−3)=−18<0 (Local Maxima)
ThePointofLocalMaxima
Since f′′(−3)<0, the local maxima is at x=−3.
Therefore, x0=−3
TheTargetExpression
Target Expression:
a⋅b+b⋅c+c⋅a
Evaluate this sum at x=x0=−3
CalculatingDotProducts
a⋅b=(x)(−2)+(−2)(x)+(3)(−1)=−4x−3
b⋅c=(−2)(7)+(x)(−2)+(−1)(x)=−3x−14
c⋅a=(7)(x)+(−2)(−2)+(x)(3)=10x+4
SimplifyingtheSum
Sum =(−4x−3)+(−3x−14)+(10x+4)
Sum =(−4x−3x+10x)+(−3−14+4)
Sum =3x−13
FinalSubstitution
Substitute x=x0=−3 into the sum:
Value =3(−3)−13
Value =−9−13=−22
Final Answer: -22
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The Sigma Insight: Scalar Triple Product
Solution Diagram
Analyzing the Setup
The problem involves three vectors, a, b, and c, whose components depend on a variable x. The scalar triple product of these vectors represents the volume of the parallelepiped they define, which we express as a function f(x) using a determinant.
The determinant is defined as:
f(x)=x−27−2x−23−1x
The Determinant Engine
To find the explicit form of f(x), we expand the determinant along the first row:
f(x)=x(x2−2)−(−2)(−2x+7)+3(4−7x)
Simplifying the expression step-by-step, we obtain:
f(x)=x3−2x−4x+14+12−21x
f(x)=x3−27x+26
This cubic polynomial represents the volume of the geometric shape as a function of x.
The Calculus Climb
To find the local maximum of the volume function, we calculate the first derivative:
f′(x)=3x2−27
Setting the derivative to zero to find the critical points:
3x2−27=0⇒x2=9⇒x=±3
We apply the second derivative test to classify these points, where f′′(x)=6x:
At x=3, f′′(3)=18>0, which indicates a local minimum.
At x=−3, f′′(−3)=−18<0, which confirms a local maximum. Thus, our critical value is x0=−3.
The Final Synthesis
We are tasked with evaluating the final expression based on the derived critical point. Given the simplified relationship 3x−13:
Substituting x=−3 into the expression:
3(−3)−13=−9−13=−22
The final result of the calculation is -22. This process demonstrates the transition from geometric vector representation to analytical calculus and algebraic evaluation.